ABSTRACT
Background: Mastalgia is the common breast condition among women. Mastalgia has highly variable prevalence which ranges 41–79%. It is more common in age group between 30 and 50 years. Mastalgia is approached according to its classification into three major categories, that is, cyclical pain, non-cyclical pain, and extra mammary pain. Breast pain ranges from mild to severe influencing the lifestyle of women affecting sexual relations, sleep pattern, and decreasing their daily life activities. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of benign and malignant breast disease in mastalgia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Government Medical College, Sivagangai. Patients complaining of breast pain were examined. The data were compiled in an Excel worksheet, Epiinfo version 7.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: In our study, 100 patients complaining of breast pain were examined ranging from age 18 to 68 years. The mean age of the study population was 37.54 years and standard deviation of 9.077. Among 100 patients with mastalgia only 1 (1.64%) had malignancy which is insignificant and among rest 99 patients with mastalgia, 60.61% had benign breast diseases and 39.39% had no any breast lesions. Benign breast diseases are more commonly found in patients with mastalgia. Conclusion: Women having mastalgia can be reassured and some lifestyle modifications may aid the women. Hence, early detection of any breast disease in women having mastalgia and treating accordingly has considerable importance. Lifestyle modifications are needed in patients with mastalgia and they should come to facility to check and identify the issues and solve soon.
ABSTRACT
Endometriosis is referred to the presence of functioning, ectopic endometrial tissue outside the pelvic cavity. Their occurrences after abdominal or pelvic surgeries especially cesarean section, at the site of scar incision, are documented. The patient experiences cyclical pain at the incision site related to the menstrual cycle. Imaging can be used to detect the lesion and medical management can be provided. However, in severe cases, total excision is recommended to avoid chances of recurrence. Here, we present a case series of two cases of scar endometriosis after cesarean section, and both presented with cyclical pain in the abdomen. Medical management was provided for both cases.
ABSTRACT
Background: Endometriosis is defined as the presence and proliferation of the endometrium outside the uterine cavity affecting an estimated 89 million women of reproductive age worldwide. Endometriosis occurs in 5% to 10% of all women, often resulting in debilitating pain and infertility, endometriosis at the scar site known as Scar endometriosis has also been described following obstetrical and gynecological surgery. Scar endometriosis has a much rarer incidence with an illusive presentation and is often misdiagnosed and definitive treatment gets delayed. Objectives of this study was to review the demographic profile, clinical presentation, treatment modalities and outcome in patients with scar endometriosis.Methods: The retrospective study of patients with scar endometriosis managed at DMCH during January 2014 to December 2018 was done.Results: Eight patients of scar endometrosis were diagnosed and operated in our institution over a period of five years. All patients (six with previous caesarean section scar site and two at episiotomy site) presented with tender nodules with pain which got exaggerated during menstruation.Conclusions: A high index of suspicion of scar endometriosis should be kept in patients presented with cyclical pain and tender mass getting exaggerated during menstruation.